Internal connection: Make a silicone impression, grind the abutment, tighten the abutment with a central screw, and use composite resin to seal the cavity reserved for the crown to perform chewing function.
External connection: Porcelain or all-ceramic crowns can be made directly on the personalized abutment. After trial fitting, the abutment and integrated crown are fixed with a central screw.
Adhesive retention: After the second-stage surgery, the gingival shape is trimmed. After 1 to 2 weeks, the healing abutment is fixed to the implant neck, and then the crown is made. After adjusting the jaw, glass ionomer cement or zinc polycarboxylate cement is used to bond the crown, and excess material is removed to avoid irritating the gums.
